Testicular Cancer diagnosis
Once a mass is identified in the testes, the abdomen and other areas of the body are
felt (palpated) to check for additional masses. A computed tomography scan (CT scan) of the abdomen and pelvis, as
well as chest x rays, are performed to determine if the cancer has spread to other areas
of the body. Sometimes the lymphatic vessels are also examined by x ray (lymphangiogram).
There are some blood tests that are also helpful, including serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and beta-subunit
human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG).
These tests will allow the oncologist to stage the tumor, or determine the type, extent,
and severity of the cancer. These blood tests can also be used to monitor the progress of
treatment and check for recurrences of testicular cancer. A tissue sample
Diagnosis test for Testicular Cancer
A physical examination typically reveals a firm, non-tender
testicular mass that does not "trans-illuminate" (light from a flashlight held
to the scrotum does not pass through the mass).
Other tests include:
- Scrotal ultrasound is used to confirm solid mass.
- Blood tests for tumor markers: alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotrophin
(beta HCG), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH).
Approximately 85% of non-seminomas will have elevations of either AFP or beta HCG.
Seminomas will have elevations only in beta HCG or LDH. These tests can also be used to
monitor the response to treatment.
- A chest X-ray is done to look for potential metastasis (spreading of cancer) to the
lungs.
- An abdominal CT scan may be done to look for potential metastasis.
Tissue biopsy is usually by surgical removal
of the testicle. After the testicle is removed, the tissue is examined.
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