Intravenous pyelogram
An intravenous pyelogram is a type of X-ray examination
specifically designed to study the kidneys, bladder, and ureters (the tubes which carry
urine from the kidneys to the bladder).
After iodine-based contrast dye is injected intravenously (into a vein), a series of
images are taken at timed intervals. The kidneys are responsible for removing contrast dye
from the blood and collecting it in urine.
Abnormalities in the appearance of the kidneys or ureters, distribution of contrast
within a kidney, asymmetry in the amount of contrast in each kidney, or defects in the
collecting systems can be identified and are suggestive of particular diseases and
conditions.
How is a Intravenous pyelogram performed
As with other studies, the test is performed in a hospital
radiology department or in the health care provider’s office by an X-ray technician.
The patient will need to urinate immediately prior the procedure to ensure the bladder is
empty, and intravenous access will be placed in a vein of an arm. An initial
"scout" image will be taken with the patient lying on his/her back.
Once the injection of contrast is complete, it is necessary to remain still during the
procedure, which may take up to one hour. A compression device (a wide belt containing two
balloons that can be inflated) may be used to keep the contrast material in the kidneys.
At the end of the procedure, the patient will again be asked to void for a final image
to see how well the bladder has emptied. Usual diet and medications should be resumed
after the exam, and adequate hydration is recommended to ensure complete removal of
contrast from the blood.
Why have an Intravenous pyelogram
The procedure helps evaluate infections in the bladder and the
kidneys, blood in the urine, flank pain (which may be from kidney stones), tumors, and
evaluates the urinary tract for damage after an abdominal injury.
Recently, computed tomography (CT) has replaced IVP as the primary tool for evaluation
of the urinary system since it can be rapidly performed, uses less contrast solution, and
provides additional imaging of the abdomen which may reveal other potential sources for
the patient's symptoms. |